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Documents authored by Kirner, Raimund

Document
Complete Volume
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008
OASIcs, Volume 8, WCET'08, Complete Volume

Authors: Raimund Kirner

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
OASIcs, Volume 8, WCET'08, Complete Volume
Cite as

8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2012)

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@Proceedings{kirner:OASIcs.WCET.2008,
  title =	{{OASIcs, Volume 8, WCET'08, Complete Volume}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2012},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-35701},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008},
  annote =	{Keywords: Performance of Systems, Software/Program Verification}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2009.2282
From Trusted Annotations to Verified Knowledge

Authors: Adrian Prantl, Jens Knoop, Raimund Kirner, Albrecht Kadlec, and Markus Schordan

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 10, 9th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'09) (2009)

Abstract
WCET analyzers commonly rely on user-provided annotations such as loop bounds, recursion depths, region- and program constants. This reliance on user-provided annotations has an important drawback. It introduces a Trusted Annotation Basis into WCET analysis without any guarantee that the user-provided annotations are safe, let alone sharp. Hence, safety and accuracy of a WCET analysis cannot be formally established. In this paper we propose a uniform approach, which reduces the trusted annotation base to a minimum, while simultaneously yielding sharper (tighter) time bounds. Fundamental to our approach is to apply model checking in concert with other more inexpensive program analysis techniques, and the coordinated application of two algorithms for Binary Tightening and Binary Widening, which control the application of the model checker and hence the computational costs of the approach. Though in this paper we focus on the control of model checking by Binary Tightening and Widening, this is embedded into a more general approach in which we apply an array of analysis methods of increasing power and computational complexity for proving or disproving relevant time bounds of a program. First practical experiences using the sample programs of the Mälardalen benchmark suite demonstrate the usefulness of the overall approach. In fact, for most of these benchmarks we were able to empty the trusted annotation base completely, and to tighten the computed WCET considerably.
Cite as

Adrian Prantl, Jens Knoop, Raimund Kirner, Albrecht Kadlec, and Markus Schordan. From Trusted Annotations to Verified Knowledge. In 9th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'09). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 10, pp. 1-11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{prantl_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2009.2282,
  author =	{Prantl, Adrian and Knoop, Jens and Kirner, Raimund and Kadlec, Albrecht and Schordan, Markus},
  title =	{{From Trusted Annotations to Verified Knowledge}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'09)},
  pages =	{1--11},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-14-9},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{10},
  editor =	{Holsti, Niklas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2009.2282},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-22828},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2009.2282},
  annote =	{Keywords: WCET analysis, annotations, binary tightening, binary widening, model checking, CBMC}
}
Document
Front Matter
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1671
WCET 2008 Abstracts Collection -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis

Authors: Raimund Kirner

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
The workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis is a satellite event to the annual Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems. It brings together people that are interested in all aspects of timing analysis for real-time systems. In the 2008 edition, 13 papers were presented, organized into four sessions: methods for WCET computation, low-level analysis, system-level analysis and flow-analysis. The workshop was also the opportunity to report from the 2007 WCET tool challenge.
Cite as

8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, pp. i-x, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{kirner:OASIcs.WCET.2008.1671,
  author =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  title =	{{WCET 2008 Abstracts Collection -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  pages =	{i--x},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1671},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-16712},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1671},
  annote =	{Keywords: Worst-case execution time, real-time systems, timing analysis}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663
WCET 2008 -- Report from the Tool Challenge 2008 -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis

Authors: Niklas Holsti, Jan Gustafsson, Guillem Bernat, Clément Ballabriga, Armelle Bonenfant, Roman Bourgade, Hugues Cassé, Daniel Cordes, Albrecht Kadlec, Raimund Kirner, Jens Knoop, Paul Lokuciejewski, Nicholas Merriam, Marianne de Michiel, Adrian Prantl, Bernhard Rieder, Christine Rochange, Pascal Sainrat, and Markus Schordan

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
Following the successful WCET Tool Challenge in 2006, the second event in this series was organized in 2008, again with support from the ARTIST2 Network of Excellence. The WCET Tool Challenge 2008 (WCC'08) provides benchmark programs and poses a number of "analysis problems" about the dynamic, run-time properties of these programs. The participants are challenged to solve these problems with their program analysis tools. Two kinds of problems are defined: WCET problems, which ask for bounds on the execution time of chosen parts (subprograms) of the benchmarks, under given constraints on input data; and flow-analysis problems, which ask for bounds on the number of times certain parts of the benchmark can be executed, again under some constraints. We describe the organization of WCC'08, the benchmark programs, the participating tools, and the general results, successes, and failures. Most participants found WCC'08 to be a useful test of their tools. Unlike the 2006 Challenge, the WCC'08 participants include several tools for the same target (ARM7, LPC2138), and tools that combine measurements and static analysis, as well as pure static-analysis tools.
Cite as

Niklas Holsti, Jan Gustafsson, Guillem Bernat, Clément Ballabriga, Armelle Bonenfant, Roman Bourgade, Hugues Cassé, Daniel Cordes, Albrecht Kadlec, Raimund Kirner, Jens Knoop, Paul Lokuciejewski, Nicholas Merriam, Marianne de Michiel, Adrian Prantl, Bernhard Rieder, Christine Rochange, Pascal Sainrat, and Markus Schordan. WCET 2008 -- Report from the Tool Challenge 2008 -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis. In 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, pp. 1-23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{holsti_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663,
  author =	{Holsti, Niklas and Gustafsson, Jan and Bernat, Guillem and Ballabriga, Cl\'{e}ment and Bonenfant, Armelle and Bourgade, Roman and Cass\'{e}, Hugues and Cordes, Daniel and Kadlec, Albrecht and Kirner, Raimund and Knoop, Jens and Lokuciejewski, Paul and Merriam, Nicholas and de Michiel, Marianne and Prantl, Adrian and Rieder, Bernhard and Rochange, Christine and Sainrat, Pascal and Schordan, Markus},
  title =	{{WCET 2008 -- Report from the Tool Challenge 2008 -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  pages =	{1--23},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-16637},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663},
  annote =	{Keywords: WCET analysis, benchmark}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1657
Towards a Common WCET Annotation Language: Essential Ingredients

Authors: Raimund Kirner, Albrecht Kadlec, Adrian Prantl, Markus Schordan, and Jens Knoop

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
Within the last years, ambitions towards the definition of common interfaces and the development of open frameworks have increased the efficiency of research on WCET analysis. The Annotation Language Challenge for WCET analysis has been proposed in line with these ambitions in order to push the development of common interfaces also to the level of annotation languages, which are crucial for the power of WCET analysis tools. In this paper we present a list of essential ingredients for a common WCET annotation language. The selected ingredients comprise a number of features available in different WCET analysis tools and add several new concepts we consider important. The annotation concepts are described in an abstract format that can be instantiated at different representation levels.
Cite as

Raimund Kirner, Albrecht Kadlec, Adrian Prantl, Markus Schordan, and Jens Knoop. Towards a Common WCET Annotation Language: Essential Ingredients. In 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, pp. 1-13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{kirner_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2008.1657,
  author =	{Kirner, Raimund and Kadlec, Albrecht and Prantl, Adrian and Schordan, Markus and Knoop, Jens},
  title =	{{Towards a Common WCET Annotation Language: Essential Ingredients}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  pages =	{1--13},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1657},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-16575},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1657},
  annote =	{Keywords: Worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis, annotation languages, WCET annotation language challenge}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2007.1197
WCET Analysis: The Annotation Language Challenge

Authors: Raimund Kirner, Jens Knoop, Adrian Prantl, Markus Schordan, and Ingomar Wenzel

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 6, 7th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'07) (2007)

Abstract
Worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis is indispensable for the successful design and development of systems, which, in addition to their functional constraints, have to satisfy hard real-time constraints. The expressiveness and usability of annotation languages, which are used by algorithms and tools for WCET analysis in order to separate feasible from infeasible program paths, have a crucial impact on the precision and performance of these algorithms and tools. In this paper, we thus propose to complement the WCET tool challenge, which has recently successfully been launched, by a second closely related challenge: the WCET annotation language challenge. We believe that contributions towards mastering this challenge will be essential for the next major step of advancing the field of WCET analysis.
Cite as

Raimund Kirner, Jens Knoop, Adrian Prantl, Markus Schordan, and Ingomar Wenzel. WCET Analysis: The Annotation Language Challenge. In 7th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'07). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 6, pp. 1-17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{kirner_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2007.1197,
  author =	{Kirner, Raimund and Knoop, Jens and Prantl, Adrian and Schordan, Markus and Wenzel, Ingomar},
  title =	{{WCET Analysis: The Annotation Language Challenge}},
  booktitle =	{7th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'07)},
  pages =	{1--17},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-05-7},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{6},
  editor =	{Rochange, Christine},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2007.1197},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-11974},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2007.1197},
  annote =	{Keywords: Worst-case execution time analysis, WCET, path description, annotation language challenge, expressiveness, convenience}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.815
Classification of Code Annotations and Discussion of Compiler-Support for Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis

Authors: Raimund Kirner and Peter Puschner

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 1, 5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05) (2007)

Abstract
Tools for worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis request several code annotations from the user. However, most of them could be avoided or being annotated more comfortably if the compilers would support WCET analysis. This paper provides a clear categorization of code annotations for WCET analysis and discusses the positive impact on code annotations a compiler-support on WCET analysis would have.
Cite as

Raimund Kirner and Peter Puschner. Classification of Code Annotations and Discussion of Compiler-Support for Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis. In 5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 1, pp. 41-45, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{kirner_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2005.815,
  author =	{Kirner, Raimund and Puschner, Peter},
  title =	{{Classification of Code Annotations and Discussion of Compiler-Support for Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05)},
  pages =	{41--45},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-24-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{1},
  editor =	{Wilhelm, Reinhard},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.815},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-8154},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.815},
  annote =	{Keywords: Worst-Case Execution Time, WCET, Code Annotations, Path Information, Compiler, Real-Time}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2006.669
Comparing WCET and Resource Demands of Trigonometric Functions Implemented as Iterative Calculations vs. Table-Lookup

Authors: Raimund Kirner, Markus Grössing, and Peter Puschner

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 4, 6th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'06) (2006)

Abstract
Trigonometric functions are often needed in embedded real-time software. To fulfill concrete resource demands, different implementation strategies of trigonometric functions are possible. In this paper we analyze the resource demands of iterative calculations compared to other implementation strategies, using the trigonometric functions as a case study. By analyzing the worst-case execution time (WCET) of the different calculation techniques of trigonometric functions we got the surprising result that the WCET of iterative calculations is quite competitive to alternative calculation techniques, while their economics on memory demand is far superior. Finally, a discussion of the general applicability of the obtained results is given as a design guide for embedded software.
Cite as

Raimund Kirner, Markus Grössing, and Peter Puschner. Comparing WCET and Resource Demands of Trigonometric Functions Implemented as Iterative Calculations vs. Table-Lookup. In 6th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'06). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 4, pp. 1-6, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{kirner_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2006.669,
  author =	{Kirner, Raimund and Gr\"{o}ssing, Markus and Puschner, Peter},
  title =	{{Comparing WCET and Resource Demands of Trigonometric Functions Implemented as Iterative Calculations vs. Table-Lookup}},
  booktitle =	{6th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'06)},
  pages =	{1--6},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-03-3},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{4},
  editor =	{Mueller, Frank},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2006.669},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-6694},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2006.669},
  annote =	{Keywords: Worst-case execution time, WCET analysis, table lookup, iterative computation, Taylor series, resource demands}
}
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